The active population in figures

Note: (e) Estimated data

Working conditions

Legal weekly duration

Legal duration is 40 hours a week.

Retirement age

63 for men

60 for women

Working contracts

There are fixed-term contracts, (their maximum duration is five years) and contracts with unspecified terms. A minimal part of the working populations has no written contract; conditions are agreed orally. These contracts can not be extended over two weeks.

Cost of labor

Minimum wage

Minimum monthly wage for a full time work is EUR 230

Average wage

The average monthly gross earnings in Turkey is EUR 720. The highest wages are paid in the financial sector and the lowest in the hotels and restaurants.

Social contributions

Social security contributions paid by employers: The rate is 33% (20% for social security and 13% for health insurance).

 
Social security contributions paid by employees: Two contributions are deducted by the employer on the worker's gross wages:
- A contribution of 2% which is paid to a pension fund;
- A contribution of 0.6% which helps to finance unemployment insurance.

Social partners

Social dialogue and involvement of social partners

There are 2 major trade unions in Estonia:

- EAKL - Confederation of Estonian Trade Unions

- TALO - Estonian Employees' Unions' Confederation.

It should be noted that trade unions were reorganized following the independence of the country in the 90's. The trade unions gave up their role of acting as an "executing organ" and supporter of the Soviet Union system to gain freedom in acting in the state system and economy. The principles of social partnership were therefore established quite recently. A Trade Unions Act was drawn up and guarantees the right for employees to join a trade union.

 

Unions

Confederation of Estonian Trade Unions
Estonian Employees' Unions' Confederation

Unionization rate

Only 14% of Estonian employees are member of a Trade Union.

Labor regulation bodies

Ministry of Social Affairs