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Market access

Distributing a product | Market access procedures | Organizing goods transport | Identifying a supplier | Standards | Intellectual Property

Distributing a product

Evolution of the sector
The distribution networks in Finland are more and more integrated. The increase of the consumers' purchasing power has boosted sales. However, evolution of big malls and hypermarkets in the sector has made the survival of small companies and boutiques more difficult. Limited opening hours are considered to be a hindering factor in the sector .
Market shares
Goods may be sold through an agent, distributor, established wholesaler, or selling directly to retail organizations. The main sectors of the Finnish economy are dominated by oligopolies. Consumables for everyday use are marketed by an integrated system of distribution dominated by three big groups: Kesko, the S Group (SOK) and Tradeka which control more than 90% of the markets in the country.
Organizations in the retail sector
Federation of Finnish Commerce


We can identify professional tradeshows on your sector.

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Market access procedures

International Conventions
Member of World Trade Organisation
Member of OECD
Party to the Kyoto protocol
Party to the Washington convention on International trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora
Party to the Basel convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their disposal
Party to the Montreal protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer
Wassenaar arrangement on export controls for conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies
Party of the International coffee agreement 2001
International economic cooperation
Finland is a member of European Union and European Monetary Union. The EU is firmly committed to the promotion of open and fair trade with all its trading partners and has multilateral agreements and bilateral agreements trade agreements with several countries.
Non tariff barriers
In accordance with its European Union membership, Finland applies the EU rules that are in force in all European Union countries. While the EU has a rather liberal foreign trade policy, there is a certain number of restrictions, especially on farm products, following the implementation of the CAP (Common Agricultural Policy): the application of compensations on import and export of farm products, aimed at favoring the development of agriculture within the EU, implies a certain number of control and regulation systems for the goods entering the EU territory. Restrictions apply to certain items such as products containing alcohol, pharmaceuticals, narcotics and dangerous drugs, explosives, etc. Beef cattle bred on hormones is forbidden to import. The BSE crisis (often called the "mad cow disease") urged the European Authorities to strengthen phytosanitary measures to make sure of the quality of meats entering and circulating in the EU territory. The principle of precaution is now widespread: in case of doubt, the import is prohibited until proof is made of the non-harmfulness of products.
Customs duties and taxes on imports
The duties for non-European countries are relatively low, especially for manufactured goods 2.61% or 4.17%. However, textile and clothing items still have high duties and quotas. Click here to access the European Online Customs Tariff Database (TARIC).
Customs classification
Finland, like most member states of the European Community, bases its Harmonized Tariff Schedule on the TARIC (Integrated Tariff of the European Community) which is issued by the Commission and the Member States for the purpose of applying Community measures relating to import and exports, and when necessary to trade between member states. The TARIC also serves as a basis for the working tariffs and tariff file of Finland and other Member States.
Import procedures
A customs declaration for imported goods is submitted on the SAD form (Single administrative document), for VAT levy. It will become mandatory to submit summary declarations electronically within the entire EU territory as of 1 July 2009.
Importing samples
May qualify for duty free entry if:
- They are of negligible value (EUR 6 or less);
- They are for solicitation of orders for the goods of the kind represented by the sample;
- There is not more than one sample of each style or quality in a consignment;
- The goods are supplied directly from abroad;
- They will be consumed or destroyed during demonstration and are packaged and properly marked in a manner which precludes their being used as other than samples, examples: foodstuffs, non alcoholic beverages, perfumes and chemical products.
For further information
Finnish Customs
Ministry of Employment and Economy

We can indicate you which are the customs duties applied to your product.

Find out the local taxes that apply to your product.

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Organizing goods transport

Main useful means of transport
The infrastructure in Finland is well-developed. The transportation system is based on an efficient rail and road network. Finland has over 50 merchant shipping ports. 23 of them are open year round and more than 10 are located on inland waterways connected to the Baltic Sea by the Saimaa Canal. Ports are secure and automated; loading and unloading operations are consistently quick and trouble-free. The rail system is well-functioning and the rail gauge in Finland is the same as in Russia which makes the country a good transshipment point for Russian trade. The most useful means for international transportation of goods is by sea; the most recommended means for domestic transportation are by rail and road.
Ports
Port of Helsinki
Port of Hanko
Port of Turku
Port of Vaasa
All Finnish ports
Airports
Helsinki-Vantaa Airport
Finnish airports
Sea transport organizations
The Finnish Maritime Administration
Air transport organizations
The Finnish Civil Aviation Administration
Road transport organizations
Finnish Road Administration
Rail transport organizations
The Finnish Rail Administration (RHK)


Get a ballpark figure for transportation costs for your product in this country through a shipping estimate.

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Identifying a supplier

Type of production
In 2006, industrial sector accounted for 26,4% of the GDP. The key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the electronics, telecommunications, wood, metals, and engineering industries. Finland’s electronic and electrical sector overtook the forest products and metal industries as the country’s largest export industry in the 1990’s. Finland’s largest company, Nokia, is the number one manufacturer of mobile phones in the world. Trade is important for Finland; exports equal two-fifths of GDP.
Business directories
Yellow Pages (in Finnish only)
Inoa (in Finnish only)
Finnish companies by industry
Finnish companies (in Finnish only)
Manufacturers associations of the main industries
Finnish Forest Industry Federation
Association of Finnish Biotechnology Industry
The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries
Trade Agencies and their representations abroad
Finland Central Chamber of Commerce
Chamber of commerce
Finnish Center for Employment and Economic Development
Enterprises federation
The Federation of Finnish Enterprises
The Confederation of Finnish Industries

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Standards

National standards organizations
Finnish Standards Association (SFS)
Integration in the international standards network
The Finnish Standards Association SFS and its standards-writing bodies, the Finnish Electrotechnical Standards Association and Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority are members of the European standards organizations CEN, CENELEC and ETSI. SFS is also a member of the International Organization ISO and IEC.
Classification of standards
SFS (or SFS-EN) + 4 or more digits showing the technical area and the rank in the division.
Online consultation of standards
National SFS Standards are sold in Finland only by SFS. Distribution of SFS standards abroad is handled by national ISO member bodies. SFS standards can be viewed in the Catalogue of SFS Standards or downloaded from the online shop of SFS.
Certification organizations
Finnish Standards Association (SFS)


Find out the standards and labelling requirements that apply to your products.

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Intellectual Property

National organizations
Ministry of Education and Culture
National Board of Patents and Registration of Finland (NBPR)
Regional organizations
European Patent Office
International membership
Member of the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
Signatory to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property
Membership to the TRIPS agreement - Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)

National regulation and international agreements

Type of property Law Validity International agreements signed
Patent Patents act 20 years Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Strasbourg agreement concerning the International Patent Classification
Trademark Trademarks act 10 years Trademark law treaty
Nice agreement concerning the International classification of goods and Services for the Purposes of the registration of Marks
Protocol relating to the Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks
Design Registered designs act 5 years, renewable  
Copyright Copyright act Berne convention
Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms against unauthorized duplication of their phonograms
Rome convention for the protection of performers, producers of phonograms and Broadcasting organizations
WIPO copyright treaty
WIPO performances and Phonograms treaty
Industrial Models Act on utility model rights 4 years, renewable (maximum 10 years total)  

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