The active population in figures

Note: (e) Estimated data

Working conditions

Legal weekly duration

Maximum 48 hours (9 hours a day).

Retirement age

It varies from 58 to 65 years. Early retirement schemes called Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) also exist in the country.

Working contracts

1. Permanent (more than 90%)
2. Temporary
3. Fixed-term

Cost of labor

Minimum wage

From April 1, 2011 the National Floor Level of Minimum Wage has been raised to INR 115 per day.

Average wage

On an average, the industrial wages range from about USD3 per day for unskilled workers, to over USD150 per month for skilled production workers.

Social contributions

Social security contributions paid by employers:

	Contributions by Employer
Provident Fund	3.67% of monthly payroll, plus 1.1% of monthly payroll for administrative costs.
Survivor (deposit-linked) Insurance	0.5% of monthly payroll, plus 0.01% of monthly payroll for administrative costs.
Pension	8.33% of monthly payroll.
Gratuity	An average of 4% of monthly payroll.
Social Assistance	None

Social security contributions paid by employees:

	Contributions by Employee	Contributions by Government
Provident Fund	12%	None

Social partners

Social dialogue and involvement of social partners

With some exceptions, India has company unions rather than trade unions. These are often affiliated with national labor organizations. Political parties promote various trade unions. The bargaining power of the unions is declining as the government pushes forward its reform agenda.

Unions

Unionization rate

Although there are more than 7 million unionized workers, unions represent less than 25% of the workers in the organized sector (primarily in state-owned organizations), and less than 2% percent of the total work force.

Labor regulation bodies

Ministry of Labor and Employment

Labor Bureau