Distributing a product

Evolution of the sector

The Japanese distribution system is going through a crisis linked to three types of factor:
1. Protection standards and recourse to a system of licenses and permits impose heavy restrictions on the free development of stores. In particular, the setting up of hypermarkets is controlled by the Large-Scale Retail Store Location Law of 2000 and regulated by local authorities on the basis of environmental considerations.
2. The deflationist trend of the macroeconomic situation has eroded the margins of middle-men.
3. Information technology allows producers to be informed rapidly of fashion effects and the evolution of consumer tastes. To react quickly to changes in consumer trends, producers tend to develop internet sales platforms.
To learn about current trends in the Japanese retail trade, consult the Einnews.com website.

Market shares

Specialized stores represent almost all types of the outlets (88%), the majority of the sales (57%) and the employees in the sector (65%).
Supermarkets are in second position with a market share of sales of 30% although they only represent 9% of stores. Nevertheless, sales made by supermarkets have shown a negative rate of growth over the last few years.
The well-known foreign names are present on the Japanese market: Tesco, Metro, Toys’R’us, etc. But the Japanese do not easily accept foreign sales techniques. Carrefour paid for this and decided to withdraw from the Japanese market after having set up 8 stores.
Unlike supermarkets, small stores are doing well. The number of convenience stores, especially, is increasing, with a constantly growing volume of sales.
For further statistical information about the sector, consult the METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) website.

Organizations in the retail sector

Japan Retailers Association
Japan Department store Association
Japan Council of Shopping Centers
Japan Federation of Service and Distributive workers unions

We can identify professional tradeshows on your sector.

Market access procedures

International Conventions

Member of World Trade Organisation
Member of OECD
Party to the Kyoto protocol
Party to the Washington convention on International trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora
Party to the Basel convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their disposal
Party to the Montreal protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer
Wassenaar arrangement on export controls for conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies
Party of the International coffee agreement 2001

International economic cooperation

Japan is a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). It is a signatory to multilateral and bilateral agreements with many countries. Japon also signed last february, 2009 a Free-Trade Agreement with Switzerland allowing the exemption of customs duties for 99 % of trade transactions between these two countries, within 10 years. The legislation includes provisions on trade in goods, services and movement of natural persons for commercial purposes.
Japan signed in March 2011 a Tariff-Cutting Trade Treaty with India that will eliminate or reduce about 94% of tariffs on the countries’ bilateral trade over a ten-year period.

Non tariff barriers

Some factors limit access to the Japanese market for foreign companies: recourse to exclusively Japanese standards, the importance of personal relations in doing business, a regulation policy oriented towards preference for national products, etc.
Quotas exist for certain marine products, certain organic chemical products, explosives, certain pharmaceutical and medical products, certain animals and plants in respect of the Washington Convention.
An import license is necessary for products subject to quotas, dangerous products and perishable goods.
Some goods are prohibited from importation.

Customs duties and taxes on imports

Japan applies a Customs tariff which is among the lowest in the world. It is 3% on average.
The WTO gives a sheet summarizing the Customs tariffs of the country.

Customs classification

Japan uses the harmonized system.
As a reminder :
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, generally referred to as "Harmonized System" or simply "HS", developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO), comprises nearly 5,000 commodity groups, each identified by a six digit code. The system is used by more than 200 countries and economies as a basis for their Customs tariffs and for the collection of international trade statistics. Over 98% of the merchandise in international trade is classified in terms of the HS.

Import procedures

Import procedure is subjected to a computerized declaration. All the steps and documents to be produced are listed on the Japanese Customs website.
The Customs Counselor System assists companies with import procedures.

Importing samples

Goods that are used as and which qualify as samples are eligible for duty-free entry. In order to qualify, the total customs value should be 5,000 yen or less and the words "sample, not for resale" should be written on the commercial invoice. The goods should be marked or mutilated so that they can only be used as samples and not be sold.

For further information

Japanese Customs Office
Japanese Ministry of foreign affairs
Japanese Ministry of Economic, Trade and Industry

We can indicate you which are the customs duties applied to your product.

Find out the local taxes that apply to your product.

Organizing goods transport

Main useful means of transport

Japan has 128 ports, including 23 main ports. They are situated all along the Japanese coastline.
Ports are the mainstay for 99% of Japan's foreign trade and 42% of its domestic distribution. Tokyo Bay (six harbors, including Yokohama and Tokyo), Osaka Bay (five harbors including Kobe and Osaka) and Ise Bay (five harbors including Nagoya) are known as the Three Major Bays. These bays handle approximately 35% of all port cargo in Japan.Japanese ports handle more than 3,090 thousand tons per year.

The total amount of international freight handled at airports in Japan is more than 3,100 thousand tons per year. Japanese Airlines carried approximately one third of the total amount of international freight.

Ports

Click here to visualize their location.

Airports

Narita International Airport
Kansai International Airport
Chubu Centrair international airport.

Sea transport organizations

Ports and Harbours Bureau
Maritime Bureau

Air transport organizations

Civil Aviation Bureau

Road transport organizations

Road Bureau

Rail transport organizations

Railway Bureau

Get a ballpark figure for transportation costs for your product in this country through a shipping estimate.

Identifying a supplier

Type of production

The industrial sector contributes approximately 28% of GDP. Manufacturing employs nearly 18% of the workforce. Japan has traditionally been a leading the world for automated production processes. The industry on is whole has benefited from innovative technology also in some less competitive sectors such as chemicals, aircraft and software.
Japan ranks among the world's largest and technologically advanced producers of electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods.
The production value of the food industry ranked third among manufacturing industries after electric and transport machinery.

Business directories

Japan Yellow Pages
Dmoz.org Japan
Corporate Information - Japan

Manufacturers associations of the main industries

Japan Manufacturers Automotives Associations
Japan Electronics and Information Technology industries Association
Japan Electrical %anufacturers Association
Japan Analytical Instruments Manufacturers Association
Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations
Japan Construction Equipment Manufacturers Association

Trade Agencies and their representations abroad

Japanese Chambers of Commerce in Japan

Enterprises federation

Japan Small and Medium Enterprise Management Consultants Association (J-SMECA)
Small and Medium Enterprise Information of Japan
Tokyo Metropolitan Small Business Promotion Agency

Standards

National standards organizations

The Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) depending on the METI (the Ministry of economy, trade and industry)
The Japanese Agricultural Standards (JAS)

Integration in the international standards network

The JISC is a member of:
- The International Standard organization (ISO);
- The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC);
- The APEC/SCSC, Sub Committee of Standards and Conformance of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation;
- The ASEM/TFAP/SCA, Trade Facilitation Action Plan/Standards and Conformity Assessment of the Asia-European meeting;
- The Pacific Area Standards Congress.

Classification of standards

JIS + 1 letter showing the technical area + 4-digit number showing the rank in the JIS division.

Online consultation of standards

The publication of standards is entrusted to the JSA (Japanese Standards Association) which is the “publishing house” of the JISC. The JSA website gives access to the JISC standards.

Certification organizations

Japan Accreditation System for Product Certification Bodies (JASC)
Japan Accreditation Board for Conformity Assessment (JAB)
International Accreditation Japan (IA Japan)

Find out the standards and labelling requirements that apply to your products.

Intellectual Property

National organizations

Japan Patent Organisation (JPO)
Japan Patent Information Organization (JAPIO)

Regional organizations

Intellectual Property Rights Experts Group (IPEG), intellectual property resource of each member economy of the APEC community

International membership

Member of the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
Signatory to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property
Membership to the TRIPS agreement - Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)