Economic trends
The Czech Republic's economy is one of the most developed in Central and Eastern Europe. Its economic growth is strongly influenced by the demand on exports and foreign direct investment inflow. The country’s GNP growth which was increasing steadily over the past few years, experienced a strong drop in 2009 (-4.2%) due to the global recession. The growth rate became positive again in 2010, stimulated by exports which shows that the Czech Republic's economy is in full expansion and that its basis is becoming solid. The growth rate is estimated at 2% in 2010 and it should become stronger in 2011.
Inflation remained under control but the public funds decreased and the budgetary deficit became larger. In the context of the economic revival, the government has announced a program to reorganize its public finance for 2011. Severe measures have already been taken in order to reduce expenditures (suppression of subsidies, freeze salaries, etc.) and to increase the revenues. The objective is to bring the public deficit to 3% of the GDP by 2013, with the idea of meeting the Maastricht's requirements for the adoption of the Euro as its currency.
The unemployment rate increased under the effect of the global crisis and it remained stable at 8% of the active population.
Main branches of industry
The agricultural sector went through a serious crisis in the 90s and, even today, it is still heavily subsidized. It generates approximately 2% of the country’s GNP and employs more than 3% of the active population. The main agricultural products are sugar beets, potatoes, wheat, barley and hops.
The production sector is mostly private, it accounts for almost 40% of the GNP and employs 40% of the active population. The growth at the level of performance was parallel to the increase in manpower's productivity. One of the main manufacturing sectors is the auto industry, with Skoda (Volkswagen company). Foreign investors such as Toyota and PSA also started producing cars in the Czech Republic since 2005. However, this sector has now reached a saturation point. Nearly 10,000 jobs were eliminated in 2009 because of the international crisis. The textile sector is becoming very dynamic.
Services contribute to 60% of the GDP and employ more than half of the active population. The tourism sector is booming, thanks to the city of Prague, in particular, which is a very attractive tourist center.
International trade
The Czech Republic's economy is very open to foreign investment. Trade represented more than 145% of the GDP in 2009. Its membership to the European Union allowed the Czech Republic to enter into the common market and to consolidate its position as a low-cost production base. 80% of the country's trade is now conducted with the OECD countries (of which 80% is with EU countries). A certain number of agreements made it easier to trade with neighboring countries (CEFTA). The country has recorded a structural positive trade balance since it became a member of the European Union, a trend that should continue.
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Last updates: February 2012
